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Understanding Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition that affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula. There are two main types of AMD: dry AMD and wet AMD. In this article, we will focus on wet AMD, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
What is Wet AMD?
Wet AMD, also known as neovascular AMD, is a more severe form of the disease compared to dry AMD. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak blood and fluid, causing damage to the macula. This can result in rapid and severe vision loss if left untreated.
Causes of Wet AMD
The exact cause of wet AMD is not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified, including:
- Age: The risk of developing AMD increases with age, particularly in individuals over 50.
- Genetics: Family history of AMD can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for AMD and can accelerate its progression.
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing AMD.
Symptoms of Wet AMD
Early stages of wet AMD may not present any noticeable symptoms, but as the disease progresses, individuals may experience:
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Dark or empty areas in the center of vision
- Sudden decrease in central vision
- Sensitivity to light
Diagnosis of Wet AMD
Wet AMD is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam that may include:
- Visual acuity test
- Dilated eye exam
- Fluorescein angiography
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Treatment Options for Wet AMD
While there is no cure for wet AMD, several treatment options are available to help slow down the progression of the disease and preserve vision.
. These include:
- Anti-VEGF injections: These medications help reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina.
- Laser therapy: Laser treatment can be used to seal leaking blood vessels in the retina.
- Photodynamic therapy: This involves injecting a light-sensitive drug into the bloodstream, which is then activated by laser light to destroy abnormal blood vessels.
Conclusion
Wet AMD is a serious eye condition that can lead to significant vision loss if not properly managed. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preserving vision and preventing further damage to the macula. By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for wet AMD, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their vision and maintain their quality of life.
For more information on wet AMD, visit American Academy of Ophthalmology.
