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JAVA 9 FEATURES WITH EXAMPLES
Java 9, released in September 2017, brought several new features and enhancements to the Java programming language. These features aimed to improve developer productivity, enhance performance, and provide better security. In this article, we will explore some of the key features of Java 9 with examples to demonstrate their usage and benefits.
1. JShell
JShell is an interactive tool introduced in Java 9 that allows developers to quickly evaluate code snippets without the need for a full-fledged Java program. It provides a Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) environment where developers can experiment with Java code in a more interactive manner.
Example:
“`java
jshell> int sum = 10 + 20;
sum ==> 30
“`
2. Module System
Java 9 introduced the concept of modules to help developers create more modular and maintainable code. Modules allow developers to encapsulate code and define clear dependencies between different parts of the application.
Example:
“`java
module com.example.myapp {
requires java.base;
exports com.example.myapp.util;
}
“`
3. Process API Updates
Java 9 introduced enhancements to the Process API, allowing developers to manage and control native processes more effectively. It provides new methods to handle processes, get process IDs, and manage process trees.
Example:
“`java
ProcessHandle processHandle = ProcessHandle.current();
System.out.println(“Process ID: ” + processHandle.pid());
“`
4. HTTP/2 Client
Java 9 introduced a new HTTP client API that supports HTTP/2 and WebSocket protocols. This API provides a more flexible and efficient way to send and receive HTTP requests and responses.
Example:
“`java
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(“https://example.com”))
.GET()
.build();
HttpResponse response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(“Response: ” + response.body());
“`
5. Stream API Improvements
Java 9 introduced several enhancements to the Stream API, including new methods for creating streams, iterating over elements, and handling null values more efficiently.
Example:
“`java
List names = Arrays.asList(“Alice”, “Bob”, “Charlie”, null, “David”);
names.stream()
.takeWhile(Objects::nonNull)
.forEach(System.out::println);
“`
Summary
Java 9 brought significant improvements to the Java programming language, including the introduction of JShell for interactive coding, the module system for better code organization, updates to the Process API for managing native processes, a new HTTP/2 client API for improved networking, and enhancements to the Stream API for working with collections more efficiently.
By leveraging these features, developers can write cleaner, more modular code, improve performance, and enhance security in their Java applications. It is essential for Java developers to stay updated with the latest features and best practices to build robust and scalable applications.
For more information on Java 9 features, you can visit the official Java 9 website.
